Renal disease is a condition in which structural or functional impairment of the kidneys adversely affects a person’s health as there is a decrease in the ability of the kidneys to perform functions such as filtering waste products and extra water from the blood. Physiologically, renal disease is best indicated by a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is estimated by measuring the serum creatinine levels in the blood. Kidney disease is a serious condition, and accounted for 1.1 million deaths worldwide as per the Global Burden of Disease Study conducted in 2015, making renal disease the 12th most common cause of mortality globally. 

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